Slender grey-tan Panaeolus cyanescens mushrooms with thin caps, bruising blue.
Panaeolus cyanescens ('Blue Meanies') — a potent psilocybin mushroom in a genus apart from Psilocybe, formerly Copelandia.Photo: Alex Abair · Source · CC BY 4.0

Psilocybin · Species

Panaeolus cyanescens

(Berk. & Broome) Sacc., 1887 · Blue Meanies, Copelandia cyanescens (former name)

'Blue Meanies' — a small, intensely potent, pantropical dung mushroom in a different genus from Psilocybe, once placed in Copelandia, and among the strongest psilocybin species anywhere.

A potent mushroom from another genus

Not every psilocybin mushroom is a Psilocybe. Panaeolus cyanescens — long known as Copelandia cyanescens — is a thin-fleshed, grey-to-tan grassland species with a black spore print (a Panaeolus trait) and strong blue bruising. It is small, delicate, and, by weight, one of the most potent psilocybin mushrooms known.

Dung, heat, and the tropics

Where the Liberty Cap wants cool European pasture, P. cyanescens wants warmth: it fruits on cattle and horse dung across the tropics and subtropics, and is a conspicuous part of the mushroom scene in places like Bali and southern Thailand, largely as a modern, tourism-driven phenomenon rather than a documented traditional rite.

A confusing common name

“Blue Meanies” is attached both to this species and to a strain of P. cubensis, so the name resolves nothing on its own — a small illustration of why common names are treated cautiously throughout this archive.

Active compounds, toxicity, and law

The actives are psilocybin and psilocin, often at high concentration. The genus also contains toxic and merely unpleasant species, and small dung mushrooms are easy to confuse; the legal and safety cautions of every psilocybin fungus apply. This page documents, and does not instruct.

Conservation

Widespread and abundant across the warm world; of no conservation concern.

The record

◐ Open questions

What remains uncertain

  • 'Blue Meanies' also circulates as the name of a Psilocybe cubensis strain, so the common name alone is ambiguous.
Sources & editorial record

Sources & further reading

  1. Jonathan Ott (1993). Pharmacotheon: Entheogenic Drugs, Their Plant Sources and History. Natural Products Co..

    Encyclopaedic survey of entheogens; compiles obscure and historical mushroom cases, including the 17th-century Yurimagua mushroom inebriant reported from the Amazon.

    BookSecondaryLibrary / print

  2. Gastón Guzmán (2008). Hallucinogenic Mushrooms in Mexico: An Overview. Economic Botany 62(3).

    Species-level overview; identifies P. caerulescens (Nahua teotlaquilnanácatl) among ceremonially used mushrooms and counts Indigenous peoples with recorded use.

    Peer-reviewed paperPeer-reviewedOpen accessView source ↗

Editorial record

Corrections history

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Last reviewed

15 July 2026

Communities and scholars may request amendments or the removal of sensitive material.

A cultural and historical record — not a foraging, cultivation, or consumption guide.